Effectiveness Factors
Antimicrobial pesticides have been proven to control a wide variety of germs on different surfaces in all types of settings. Before these products can be sold, they must bear an EPA registration number and must also register their effectiveness claims. Ideally, products should be broad spectrum (one that eliminates bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and spores), nonirritating, nontoxic, noncorrosive, and inexpensive. To be most effective, the chosen products must target specific germs and then be applied properly. Failure to follow manufacturer directions may result in poor performance of a given product and the eventual spread of germs.
The first step to ensure maximum performance of any antimicrobial pesticide is to thoroughly read the label. Decide how often to disinfect or sanitize surfaces and more importantly, make sure the surface is thoroughly cleaned and be certain that it is free of dirt, grease, and oil. Dirty surfaces can shield the germs when the product is applied, allowing them to survive.
Product effectiveness depends on many factors including:
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Type of contaminating microorganism – Choose the most effective against the germ(s) you intend to control.
Degree of contamination – This determines the quality of product necessary to control the target germ(s).
Amount of proteinaceous material present – High protein-based materials absorb and neutralize some antimicrobial products.
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Presence of organic material – Some compounds, such as soaps, may neutralize some antimicrobial products.
Chemical nature of the product – It is important to understand the mode of action in order to select the appropriate product.
Concentration and quantity – Mix the product to the proper dilution rate. Doubling the strength will double the cost with no increase in germ killing ability. In addition to wasting money, the excess product used will be deposited onto the object surface and possible leave a sticky, discolored residue that tends to collect dirt and harbor germs. Once mixed with water, the disinfecting capacity of diluted products tends to deteriorate rapidly with time.
Contact time – Some products need to be in contact with the germs for a specific amount of time. If not left in contact long enough, they cannot do their job.
pH – Certain products work best in acidic conditions while other work best in alkaline conditions.
Temperature – Some products work best in cold water, while others need warm or hot. Check to be sure you are within the temperature ranges for your products.
Other effectiveness factors – Mode of application, residual activity, interactions with other compounds, effects on fabric, and metal and toxicity to the environment.